Organophosphorus compounds and esterases: current research topics concerning the toxicity of and protection against organophosphates.

Esterases Reacting with Organophosphorus Compounds

The sixty-seven papers in this book are grouped under the following chapters: Esterase Structures, Catalytic Properties of Cholinesterases, Catalytic Properties of Paraoxonases and Related Esterases, Biology of Cholinesterases, Biology of Paraoxonases and Related Esterases, Toxicity and Degradation of Organophosphorus Compounds, Neuropathy Target Esterase, and Miscellaneous. The chapters are pr...

Side effects of organophosphorus compounds: delayed neurotoxicity.

Many organophosphorus compounds produce a chronic toxicity that has been classified as a dying-back process in which the long axons are particularly affected. Recent evidence indicates that an essential first step in the production of the lesion is the phosphorylation of a protein that is able to hydrolyse substrates such as phenyl phenylacetate. The esterase activity of the protein is inhibite...

Overexpression of Human Senescence Marker Protein 30 in Mice Fails to Offer Protection against Challenge with Organophosphorus Compounds

Therapeutic and neuroprotective efficacy of pharmacological pretreatment and antidotal treatment of acute tabun or soman poisoning with the emphasis on pretreatment drug PANPAL.

A good knowledge of the basic mechanisms of acute toxicity of organophosphorus compounds has lead to the development of specific antidotes able to counteract their acute toxic effects. Unfortunately, there are still some highly toxic organophosphorus compounds, called nerve agents, that are resistant to standard antidotal treatment. Relatively unsatisfactory antidotal treatment of acute poisoni...

Relationship of the acylation of membrane esterases and proteins to the teratogenic action of organophosphorus insecticides and eserine in developing hen eggs.

The yolk sac membrane from hen eggs contains esterases that hydrolyze phenyl phenylacetate OpPA) and are sensitive to inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo, by many organophosphorus compounds and by eserine. These esterases are the principal proteins in the membrane which are phosphorylated by 3H-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate. Inhibition of this mixture of PPA-hydrolyzing esterases in viuo do...